Nowagreen: Energy Conservation for mitigation of Global Warming

Climate Justice proposed legislation
content:
Climate Change Rating of Countries - CCR
Necessary Change in CO2 Emissions per Capita to Reach 1.5°C - 2.0°C Climate Change Limit in 2100
Necessary Change in CO2 Emissions per GDP to Reach 1.5°C - 2.0°C Climate Change Limit in 2100
Proposed New CO2 Emissions Mitigation Mechanism
Proposed Legislative Model to Decrease Air Conditioning Overcooling
Solar Israel a practical and legislative model


Climate Change Rating of Countries - CCR

The parameters included in the rating are CO2 emissions per capita and per GDP, cumulative CO2 emissions in the last 30 years, and changes in CO2 intensity in the last 10 years.
The parameters are compared to the world averages.
The CCR for 2020 includes 208 countries, 99.99% of the global CO2 emissions and population, and 99.83% of the global GDP.
The A-G rating groups are according to the rating limits. The best rating (A) is for the lowest CCR.
The world average CCR value in 2020 is 100, equivalent to group E.
The average 2020 rating of Group A is 43 (57% below the world average) and of Group G - 210 (110% above the world average).
Most of the world's CO2 emissions in 2020 were by countries in Group G (Black Group) with the worst climate change rating.
OECD 2020 CCR is 107, about 7% worse than the world average.
OECD has Label F, red.
OECD position on the CCR countries list is equivalent to 153 (out of 208).
The CCR for 2021 includes 208 countries, 99.99% of the global CO2 emissions and population, and 99.82% of the global GDP.
The average 2021 rating of Group A is 38 (62% below the world average) and of Group G - 212 (112% above the world average).
The world average CCR value for 2021 is 101.4, equivalent to Group F.
OECD 2021 CCR is 111, 4% worse than in 2020 and 10% worse than the world average in 2021. The OECD CCR Label in 2021 is F = Red.
OECD moved down from position 153 to 159 (the world position is equivalent to 146), out of a total of 208.
3 OECD countries in Group G are responsible for 50% of the total OECD CO2 emissions in 2021. The average CCR of Group G is 60% above the world CCR in 2021.
In 2021 was a major change in Group G, the worst CCR group. The CO2 emissions of the countries in Group G increased by 35%, as the USA moved to this group in 2021 from Group F.
The only OECD country in the best CCR group, Group A, moved to Group B.
In 2021 the world CCR changed from 100 to 101.4 moving from Group E to Group F, the Red Group. The main reason for this change was the world's CO2 per capita, which increased in 2021 by 4.3%.
The average 2022 rating of Group A is 45 (56% below the world average) and of Group G - 206 (105% above the world average).
The world average CCR value for 2022 is 101.0, equivalent to Group F.
In 2022, Group A, the best group (Green Group), became larger. The number of A countries increased from 7 to 15. Group G, the worst group (Black Group), decreased by one country, and most importantly, the CO2 emissions of this group decreased by 1%.
Three countries in Group G (Black Group) with the highest CO2 emissions in 2022 - China, the US and Russia are responsible for 50% of the world's CO2 emissions.
The position of all these countries on the CCR list worsened in 2022: China fell 3 places, the US 6 places (below China), and Russia 2 places.
China improved its CCR in 2022 from 158 to 157 and Russia from 175 to 170. The US CCR worsened in 2022 by 3 points from 155 to 158.
The US increased its CO2 emissions in 2022 by 1.0% while China and Russia reduced them by 0.7% and 5.9% respectively.

The publication and the linked website include the rating and the details of each country:
https://researchgate.net/publication/387736185
https://nowagreen.com/ccr
DOI:10.5281/zenodo.14600703
DOI:10.5281/zenodo.10848666
DOI:10.5281/zenodo.10853093
DOI:10.5281/zenodo.14604124
DOI:10.5281/zenodo.10855909
DOI:10.5281/zenodo.10863775
DOI:10.5281/zenodo.14614280


Necessary Change in CO2 Emissions per Capita to Reach 1.5°C - 2.0°C Climate Change Limit in 2100

The necessary cumulative CO2 emissions reduction to reach the 1.5°C Global Warming limit in 2100 is 2,359,526 MtCO2. This may be done by decreasing the world's CO2 emissions per capita (CpC) annually by 17%.
The necessary cumulative CO2 emissions reduction to reach the 1.7°C Global Warming limit in 2100 is 2,085,593 MtCO2. This may be done by decreasing the world's CO2 emissions per capita (CpC) annually by 7.85%.
The necessary cumulative CO2 emissions reduction to reach the 2.0°C Global Warming limit in 2100 is 1,683,503 MtCO2. This may be done by decreasing the world's CO2 emissions per capita (CpC) annually by 4.46%.
https://researchgate.net/publication/364937814
DOI:10.5281/zenodo.7264419


Necessary Change in CO2 Emissions per GDP to Reach 1.5°C - 2.0°C Climate Change Limit in 2100

The necessary cumulative CO2 emissions reduction to reach the 1.5°C Global Warming limit in 2100 is 2,353,587 MtCO2. This may be done by decreasing the world's CO2 emissions per GDP (Cp$) annually by 18%.
The necessary cumulative CO2 emissions reduction to reach the 1.7°C Global Warming limit in 2100 is 2,086,161 MtCO2. This may be done by decreasing the world's CO2 emissions per GDP (Cp$) annually by 9.34%.
The necessary cumulative CO2 emissions reduction to reach the 2.0°C Global Warming limit in 2100 is 1,684,038 MtCO2. This may be done by decreasing the world's CO2 emissions per GDP (Cp$) annually by 5.91%.
https://researchgate.net/publication/364937731
DOI:10.5281/zenodo.7264421


Proposed New CO2 Emissions Mitigation Mechanism

MM, the new CO2 Emissions Mitigation Mechanism (Mitigation Mechanism) proposed in this work, is the CO2 mitigation program assisting the countries to reach the 1.5°C-2.0°C global warming limit in the year 2100.
Considering climate justice, the countries which will not reduce their CO2 emissions to the limit in a specific year will buy carbon credits. The new CO2 Emissions Mitigation Mechanism introduces an efficient way to buy carbon credits and an efficient way to use carbon credits.
This work proposes a procedure to guarantee constant carbon credit price, known in advance. This procedure does not require the involvement of carbon traders, reducing the time between the creation of emissions reduction and the actual money transfer to the project participants.
The carbon credits issued by the operating organization will be sold to the countries which did not reduce their CO2 emissions to the required limit in the specific year. These carbon credits will have a constant price without a time limit, known in advance publicly.
The money received from the buying country will be used as an incentive for CO2 mitigation projects and will be transferred directly to the project participant instead of carbon credits. Considering the 50$ carbon credit cost the maximum cumulative cost of the carbon credits proposed in this work will be 0.61% of the world cumulative GDP in the period 2025-2100. The maximum yearly cost of the carbon credits will be in the year 2037, 0.70% of the world's GDP.
https://researchgate.net/publication/364958131
DOI:10.5281/zenodo.7270802


Proposed Legislative Model to Decrease Air Conditioning Overcooling

Air conditioning is the main electricity consumer in buildings equipped with air conditioning. Overcooling below the Comfort Heat Index is not for comfort; actually it causes overcooling discomfort and a health hazard. The lower the air conditioner temperature, the longer its operating time. The proposed legislation includes four energy conservation measures:
  • Heat Index-based control instead of conventional temperature-only control;
  • fine-resolution control of 0.1 degree instead of the traditional 1 degree increments;
  • minimum cooling temperature limit of 22°C, replacing common limits of 16°C;
  • separate air conditioning control in each room. These energy conservation measures have 55% energy saving potential, about 1,000 TWh of global electricity per year, in addition to 20% peak demand mitigation potential.
    Unlike many other GHG mitigation measures, enforcement of the above measures does not involve expenses or investment; on the contrary, it significantly reduces energy cost (mainly due to shorter operating time) and reduces investment in oversized air conditioning units.
    All calculations in this work are based on the Online Building Energy and Heat Index Simulation and Optimization - BESOO version 544 with the real meteorological datasets for Jerusalem and Tel Aviv, as on the sites:
    https://nowagreen.com/BESO
    https://researchgate.net/publication/398814828
    DOI:10.5281/zenodo.17974892


    Solar Israel a practical and legislative model

    In Israel, solar energy is an everyday reality for 80% of the population. Since 1980 every new building has been required by law to have a solar installation. Using solar heating for household hot water alone saves over 5% on the country's electricity consumption - a precious contribution in a country that fully relies on imported fuel and coal for its energy.
    Israel's example provides a powerful demonstration of what can be achieved if governments make a commitment to solar energy.
    It is a common opinion that solar energy utilization is not yet economical, that it is one of the options for the future, still at the research and development stage. In Israel, however, solar energy is not just an interesting technology for the future. It is an everyday reality, with 80% of the whole population using solar installations for water heating in their homes - saving more than 5% of the national electricity consumption.
    Solar energy is one of the main subjects of the governmental budget for energy research and development, and it seems set to continue to invest in solar energy in the future.
    When we look at the landscape of Israeli cities, we can see the endless number of solar installations, which is very typical for Israel. The current optimal design of the typical Israeli solar water heater combines 30 years' experience and governmental involvement. The installation of solar water heaters in Israel is required by law. Since 1980 every new building must be equipped with solar water heater. The law describes exactly the size of the installation for the various sectors, ensures the quality of the solar equipment and installations and provides the rules for installing solar water heaters in existing multi-apartment buildings.
    Many countries could achieve similar success in a very short time. To promote solar energy, governments should act to overcome barriers and stimulate market forces, through research and development, large scale demonstration, information and legislation. The first step, however, is for a government's commitment to solar energy.
    https://researchgate.net/publication/364955709
    DOI:10.6084/m9.figshare.21443073


    content:
    Climate Change Rating of Countries - CCR
    Necessary Change in CO2 Emissions per Capita to Reach 1.5°C - 2.0°C Climate Change Limit in 2100
    Necessary Change in CO2 Emissions per GDP to Reach 1.5°C - 2.0°C Climate Change Limit in 2100
    Proposed New CO2 Emissions Mitigation Mechanism
    Proposed Legislative Model to Decrease Air Conditioning Overcooling
    Solar Israel a practical and legislative model

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